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' No. 350,270. Patented Oct. 5, 1886.

PhnkrrLilhogmphur, Waxhingiun, n1.

NITED STATES FFICE.

, PATENT HUGO PISOHON AND RICHARD PFENNIG, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNORSTO THE INTERNATIONALER VAKUUM EIS-MASOHINEN VEREIN, OF SAME PLACE.

VACUUM ICE-MAKING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 350,270, datedOctober-5, 1886,

Application filed July 10,4886. Serial No. 207,638. (No model.) Patentedin France September 17, 1885, No, 171,219; in Germany October 17. 1885,No. 36,055, and in Austria-Hungary March 21, 1886, No. 42,420 and No.7,025.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, HUGO PISCHON and RICHARD PFENNIG, both residents ofthe city of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and German Empire, haveinvented certain Improvements in Vacuum Ice-Making Machines, (for whichLetters Patent have also been obtained in Germany under the No. 36,055,dated the 17th of October, 1885; in France under the N 0. 171,219, datedthe 17th of September, 1885, and in Austria Hungary under the N o.42,420/85T0m. 36, fol. 490,

7,025/86-T0m. XX, 01. 501, dated the 26th of March, 1886,) of whichimprovements the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to a machine for makingiceand for coolingfluids,and requiring such little working power that it can be driven byhand, if necessary.

The machine is represented in the accompanying drawings.

Figure I shows a longitudinal section, and Fig. II a front view of it,and Fig. III shows a modification of the construction for the ab sorber.

The machine is based in its construction on the well-known physicalprinciple of the evaporation of water in spaces containing rarefied air,and the parts of the machine are materially as follows: first, theice-generator and water-cooling apparatus E; second, the absorber A;third, the evaporator (concentrator) O; fourth, the vacuum-pump with twoaircylinders, l? and P, which are placed on both sides of apillar-shaped frame, S, and, fifth, the driving mechanisms appertainingto the machine, and,finally, thetubes connecting the above-mentionedparts.

Theice-generator orwater-cooling apparatus E consists of a hollow glasscylinder, E, the end surfaces of which are ground straight. The glasscylinderEis pressed bymeans of ascrew mechanism between the twoindia-rubber rings K K,with which the two cast-iron lids G and H areprovided. The upper lid, G, is firmly connected with the waste-pipe S,and is bent in the shape of a bow, whereas the lower lid, H, which isshaped like a table, can be moved up and down by means of screw andhandwheel M. This lid is prevented from turning by a shoulder, D,working in a groove of the waste-pipe S, which forms at the same timethe frame of the machine.

The ice-generatorstands in connection with the absorber A by means ofthe waste-pipe S, 5 5

which allows the water-vapors to escape. The absorber A consists of acylinder mounted vertically or horizontally, which cylinder is either ofa common form, as shown in Fig. II, or of a longitudinallyundulatoryshape, as shown in Fig. III. This cylinder maybe made either of cast orwrought iron or of hard lead. The absorber is filled in part withsulphuric acid or any other fluid that absorbs water-vapors,

and has in its center axis a rotating peculiarly- 6 shaped stirringapparatus, the ends of which rest in bushes. The stirring apparatus isfastened to the axle R, and is driven by cogwheels or friction-platesand by the vertical aXleT direct from the main shaftB. kinds of stirrersare fastened to the axle R. The one sort consists of the perforatedplates Y,bent undulatorily,whereas the other sort is composed of scoopsX, standing inclined toward the axle R and placed between theplates 7 5'just named. The object of the scoops X is to effect a very closemixture, and to scatter the absorbing-fluid, whereas thestirring-plat'esY are intended to make a wetted upper surface as largeas possible and above the level of 80 the fluid, for the water-vaporsthat have to be absorbed are forced to pass through the perforations andthe open circuit surfaces of the stirringplates Y. The front lid of theabsorber A gradually develops into a hollow ver- 8 5 tical cast-ironpillar, N, the closed lower part of which forms the dome of theabsorber. In the lower swelling of this lid are the wheel-works Z Z forthe stirring apparatus. 7 The vertical shaft T, which transmits themotion from the 0 main shaft B onto the axle R, and which is packed in astuffing-box, V, has underneath the latter and inside the dome a shade,NV, which serves to prevent any particles of the absorbingfluid that maybe dashed upward from getting 9 5 at the month of the tube and thestumng-box. When only small quantities of ice have to be made,itsuffices in the most cases to let the acid Two which has got heated byabsorbing the watervapors, cool by the effect of the outer air on it,and the simplest way of obtaining a large cooling-surface for thispurpose is to use the j acketsurface of the absorbencylinder as it isreprerented in undulatory shape in Fig. III. A more energetic cooling ofthe acid is arrived at by enveloping the absorber loosely with ablanket, and by pouring water (or any other fluid) on this blanket. Thewater thus poured on evaporates, and by abstracting heat from thecylinder helps to cool it.

The concentrator serves to evaporate the watcr absorbed by the sulphuricacid. It consists oi'a hard-lead pan, 0, open at the top and filled withsulphuric acid used before to absorb the water-vapors, and is suspendedin a larger cop per or iron vessel, Q. The intermediate space between Gand Q thus formed is filled with a fluid hard to boil-for instance,caustic soda, glycerinc, 8:0. This fluid is selected with due regard tothe fact that its boiling-point is hi gher than that of the sulphuricacid to be concentrated. while, on the other hand, its boilingpoint islower than the melti n g-point of thelead of which the evaporatioirpanis made. In order to prevent the temperature of this fluid from gettingabove the degree of concentration ofthe sulphuric acid and above its ownboilingpoint,when heated from outside by a or petroleum flame or by acoal fire, the hollow space mentioned above is connected with anupper-surface coudenserfi, by means of a tube, I1. Cooling water iscontinually flowing through the condenser, and therefore whenever vaporsare formed by ovcr-great heat they are led into the condenser, arecondensed in it, and are then conducted back in the shape of water totheheated hollow space through tube L. In using thisfluid bath theobject in view is to obtain such a boiling temperature as is necessaryfor the evaporation of thesul 'ihuric acid and to keep up thistemperature continually.

The pumps 1? and P serve to form the vacuum in the absorber and theicegenerator. The suction-pipe N of the large air-rarefying pump P is inconnection with the support N of the absorber. The pump P sucks up theair out of the absorber and forwards it to the second small pump, P,which compresses the air to the atmospheric tension and ejects it. Bymeans of this simple combinationa high. vacuum is obtained in a verysimple manner. The

'two pumps are driven from the shaft B, which rotates in two bushes onthe pillar-frame S, and has at one end a crank, U, for driving the largepump P, at the other end an eccentric, U for driving the smaller pump,1*, and has behind the eccentric a flywheel, U, with a winch-handle, U,for working the whole ma chine.

The way in which this hand ice-making machine is worked is as follows:When the necessary vacuum has been formed in the hermetically-closedspace E, the water that has to be congealed is sucked up out of awatervessel, Z, placed ready for use, and flows through pipe q and thecock q,which is provided with a scale and indicator, and is set exactlyfor showing the quantity of the inflowing water. As soon as the waterenters the almost airless space, the congealing process beginsimmediately, for the water commences to boil most actively, and as asmall portion of it evaportes so much warmth is extracted from theremaining part that it freezes and becomes ice. hen the necessaryquantity of ice has been made, which can be easily observed through theglass vessel E from outside, valve V (connecting the space E with theabsorber A) is shut off, air is admitted through cock q, and by loweringthe under lid, II, the block of ice can be removed from the glasscylinder E. If water or any other fluid has to be cooled, so much water(or other fluid) is allowed to run through cock q into the airlesshollow space of the cylinder E that'an active evaporation of the wateror fluid takes place, but not so much as to allow the temperature tosink below the temperature that is wanted. In this manner water can becooled down to the freezing-point, and fluids hard to freeze can bebrought to a ten'iperature some degrees below that point even. Air isadmitted into the glass cylinder and the cooled water runs out throughcock 0.

Having thus described our invention, and also the manner how and themeans with which itis to be performed, what we claim, and desire to getsecured by Letters Patent 01' the United States, is

1. In a machine for making ice and for cooling fluids, the combinationof a vertically or horizontally placed absorber, A, with the two chambervacuum-pinup I I, firmly connected with the absorber, the ice-generatorE,with its glass vessel E," and with a concentrator, .l, for theevaporation of the diluted sulphuric acid, substantially as described,and for the purpose as set forth.

2. In an ice-making machine, the ice-generator E, consisting of thetable or under lid, H, adj ustablc by means of a screw, M, and of thehollow glass cylinder E, in combination with valve V, waste-pipe S, andabsorber A, substantially as specified.

3. In an ice-making machine, the combination of absorber A with thestirring ap paratus consisting of shaft .lt, undulatory perforatedstirring-plates Y, and intermediate wings or scoops, X, set in aninclined position to the common axle, and means for opcrating said axle,substantially as and for the purpose described.

4.. In an ice-making machine, the longitudinally-undulatoryabsorbingcylinder A, in combination with stirring apparatus Y X, shaftR, gearing Z Z", shaft T, gear-wheels Z Z, and. shaft B, substantiallyas described.

In an ice-making machine, the combination of the pan G, for evaporatingthe received diluted sulphuric acid with the outer vessel, Q, containinga fluid bath the boil ing-point of which is higher than that of ternalvessel, Q, with the tubes L L and the sulphuric acid to be concentratedand surface-condenser J, substantiallyas specified.

lower than the melting-point of the pan 0', In testimony whereof we havesigned our substantially as and for the purpose specified. names to thisspecification in the presence of 5 6. In an ice-making machine, thearrangetwo subscribing witnesses.

ment for maintaining a constant temperature HUGO PISGHON.

of the fluid in the concentrator and for con- RICHARD PFENNIG. (lensingand reconducting all vapors that may Vitnesses:

develop by the fluid bat-h. MARo M. ROTTEN,

IO 7. The combination of the pan 0 and ex- B. ROI.

